猴卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的实验研究(英文)

Experimental Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in the Monkeys

通过检测实验猴对卡氏肺孢子虫的易感性和致病性，使用１～４号实验猴经气管接种２．８×１０５ 卡氏肺孢子虫包囊，接种后，按２５ ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重肌注醋酸可的松；５～８号实验猴接种７．０×１０５ 包囊；９号猴为对照。结果表明：接种后２７～３３ ｄ，１～４号实验猴出现体温上升，厌食，消瘦，虚弱，咳嗽和呼吸急促，其中１～２号实验猴显得极度衰弱和呼吸困难，于第２９ ｄ，３１ ｄ死亡。５～８号实验猴呈亚临床症状，接种后３０ ｄ亦即连续肌注醋酸可的松的第２２ ｄ，出现类似于１～４号实验猴的临床症状，其中５号实验猴于２３ ｄ死亡。对照猴无任何临床变化。结论 用醋酸可的松处理的１～４号实验猴，接种卡氏肺孢子虫包囊后，出现典型的卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎，有显著的致病性。虽然５～８号实验猴接种大剂量卡氏肺孢子虫包囊，只呈现亚临床症状，接受醋酸可的松处理后，出现类似于１～４号实验猴的症状，说明隐性感染卡氏肺孢子虫的实验猴经免疫抑制剂处理后可激活病原体，导致严重发病。

Objective: To examine the susceptibility of monkeys to infection with an inoculum which contained Pneumocystis carinii cysts originally derived from a 2-month-old monkey that died in Pneumocystis pneumonia. Methods:9 6-month-old monkeys were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Doses inoculated into trachea were 2.8×105 (monkeys 1- 4) and 7.0×105(monkeys 5-8)P.carinii cysts. Monkeys 1-4 were injected intramuscularly with 25 mg·kg-1 body weight cortisone acetate each day for 28 days before temperature and respiratory rate were monitored untill the monkeys died or were killed. Results: Monkeys 1-4 were dull, anorexic, weak, coughing and tachypnea. The severity of the signs generally was corresponding to the degree of pyreria at 27 to 33 days after inoculation. Monkeys 1-2 became very weak and dyspneic and died at 29, 31 days. Monkeys 5-8 developed subclinical signs. They were injected with cortisone acetate for 22 days at 30 days after inoculation and exhibited signs similar to Monkeys 1-4. Monkey 5 died at 23 days after injection with cortisone acetate. Conclusion: Cortisone acetate-treated Monkeys 1-4 were infected with the cysts by intratracheal injection and resulted in pyrexia, dull, anorexia weak, cough and tachypnea. Even though relatively large doses of P.carinii cysts were administered, Monkeys 5-8 only showed subclinical signs. After Monkeys 5-8 were injected with cortisone acetate, they developed clinical signs similar to Monkeys 1-4.