中国围产儿畸胎瘤的流行病学特征

An Epidemiological Investigation of Perinatal Teratomas in China

目的 利用 1987～ 1992年中国出生缺陷监测网收集的资料 ,描述围产儿畸胎瘤的发生水平和流行病学特征。方法 采用以医院为基础的监测方法收集资料。调查对象为孕 2 8周到产后 7天住院分娩的围产儿 ,包括活产、死胎和死产。结果 共收集围产儿 44 896 92例 ;畸胎瘤 2 38例 ,其中单发 198例 ,合并有其他畸形者40例。中国人围产儿畸胎瘤发生率为 0 .5 3/万 ,单发畸胎瘤发生率为 0 .44 /万 ,合并其他畸形者发生率为 0 .0 9/万。城市发生率为 0 .46 /万 ,乡村发生率为 0 .6 6 /万 ;男性围产儿畸胎瘤发生率为 0 .2 7/万 ,女性为 0 .80 /万 ;畸胎瘤儿性别比为 1∶ 2 .76。畸胎瘤围产儿病死率为 5 5 .0 %。结论 中国围产儿畸胎瘤以单发为主 ,发生率变化无长期趋势。乡村发生率高于城镇 ,女性发生率高于男性。畸胎瘤儿病死率高 。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate and epidemiological features of teratomas in China. Methods From 1987 through 1992, hospital based cluster sampling method was adopted for collecting data. During that period all live or still births with 28 weeks of gestation or more were assessed within 7 days after delivery. Results 238 teratoma cases were identified in 4,489,692 births, including 198 isolated and 40 associated forms of teratomas. The prevalence rates of total teratomas, isolated and associated forms of teratomas were 0.53/10000, 0.44/10000, 0.09/10000 respectively. The prevalence rates in urban areas and rural areas were 0.46/10000 and 0.66/10000, respectively. The prevalence rates of teratomas in male and female births were 0.80/10000 and 0.27/10000 correspondingly. The ratio of male to female teratomas was 1∶2.76. The perinatal fatality rate of teratomas was 55.0%. Conclusion The most frequent teratomas were isolated forms.Time trends have not been found in the occurrence of teratomas. High prevalence in urban areas has been observed, compared to that in rural areas. The prevalence of teratomas in female births is three times as high as that in male births. In view of the high fatality rate, prenatal diagnosis and perinatal management of teratomas should be strengthened.