中国台湾种子植物区系的性质、特点及其与大陆植物区系的关系

An analysis of the flora of seed plants of Taiwan, China: its nature, characteristics, and relations with the flora of the mainland

台湾位于欧亚大陆东南缘的海洋中 ,地处热带的北部和亚热带的南部 ,约为 2 1°45′～ 2 5°5 6′N ,1 1 9°1 8′～ 1 2 4°3 4′E ,是中国最大的岛屿。它是受季风气候强烈影响的地区之一 ,热量丰富 ,雨量充沛 ,干湿季明显。具有一个非常丰富的岛屿和山区植物区系。就其种子植物而言 ,约有 1 86科 ,1 2 0 1属 ,3 6 5 6种 ,包括热带属 742属 ,温带属 3 4 6属。根据台湾植物区系中各大科、主要植物群落优势种和中国特有种的地理分布以及热带属在整个植物区系中的主导地位 ,台湾地区的植物区系主体具有明显的亚热带性质。中国台湾本地特有种十分丰富 ,其比例远高于中国特有种的比例。这似乎表明台湾植物区系是一个古老区系在多次地质事件侵袭后又起活化的历史演变的结果。新老成分并存、共同发展是台湾植物区系的重要特点。通过台湾全部属和非特有种在周边地区地理分布的分析 ,中国台湾植物区系与中国大陆的关系最为密切 ,是东亚植物区系的重要组成部分 。

Taiwan Island, which covers an area of ca. 35989 km 2 and ranges from 21°45′ to 25°56′ N and from 119°18′ to 124°34′ E, is the largest one in China with the highest peak about 3997 m above sea level. The flora comprises ca. 3656 species in 1201 genera, of which 29.3% of species and only four genera are endemic to Taiwan. Evaluated in this paper is the importance of the 14 larger families which together contain 50.1% of the total number of species. Among the native genera of the seed plants' flora of Taiwan, 742 (61.8%) are tropical, 346 (28.8%) temperate. It is clear that tropical genera play an important role in the flora of Taiwan.According to the distributional patterns of dominant species and Chinese endemic species, the flora of Taiwan is basically subtropical in nature. This flora includes an unusually high proportion of endemic species and is of prominent subtropical nature in composition. On the basis of analysis of geographical distribution of genera and nonendemic species of seed plants, the floristic affinities between Taiwan and the mainland of China are well documented by the presence of more than 1150 genera (96.3% of total genera) and 1140 nonendemic species (48.2% of total nonendemic species.)