五种紫萼藓科植物茎及叶的解剖学观察

THE STUDY OF ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF STEMS AND LEAVES IN FIVE GRIMMIACEAC MOSSES

对紫萼藓科紫萼藓属中的 5种植物 ,运用石蜡切片法和扫描电镜法 ,对其茎的结构及叶表皮角质层皱褶、孔及纹饰等特征进行观察分析 ,结果表明 :长枝紫萼藓 (GrimmiaelongataKaulf.)茎呈多棱形 ,片状附属物沿叶腹面表皮连成带状 ,而叶背面角质层纹饰呈辐射状的裂片 ;圆蒴紫萼藓 (GrimmiaapocarpaHedw .)茎、叶细胞中内含物非常浓厚 ,细胞不透明 ,中肋的角质层纹饰呈纵向的线状 ;高山紫萼藓 (GrimmiaalpicolaSw .exHedw .)中肋宽厚 ,孔呈梯形排列 ,叶背面角质层皱褶呈“菊花状”纹饰 ,叶腹面孔口处有“眼皮状”鳞片覆盖 ;卵叶紫萼藓 (Grimmiao valis(Hedw .)Lindb .)茎无明显的中轴部 ,中肋“导水细胞”发达 ,叶表面密布粗疣和网状排列的大孔 ,且孔深陷 ;毛尖紫萼藓 (GrimmiapiliferaP .Beauv .)茎的外皮部和内皮部之间有一层“鞘状”物质 。

In this paper, five Grimmiaceae mosses are observed and analized in the aspects of anatomical structure of stem and leaf by means of paraffin wax section and scanning electron microscopy. The cuticular wrinkles, ornamentation and pore on the leaf surface are observed. Meanwhile the stem structure is also studied. Above features are considered to be of faxonomic significance in the bryophtes. The stem of Grimmia elongata Kaulf. is multicarpsular.The filaments are linked together into strip form along the epidermis of antical leaves, while the cuticular ornamentations ventral leaves are with the apperance of radial lobe. The cell content in stems and leaves of Grimmia apocarpa Hedw.is so thick and the cell is dishyaline. The cuticular ornamentations on the costa of this species is streamline.The costa of leaves of Grimmia alpicoda Sw.ex Hedw. are broad and thick and the pores are arranged in ladder-shaped. The scabrous cuficular wrinkles on the ventral surface of leaves are in the ornamentation just like chrysanthemum and the entrance to pores are covered by scale flake. In Grimmia ovalis (Hedw.) Lindh, The hydrome cell developed well and axial part of stem is not distinct; meanwhile the leaf surface is covered densely by rugged papilla and pores which are sinked in depth and arranged in web form are so large. There is a layer of sheathing substances between external cortex and internal cortex in the stem of Gimmia pilifera P.Besuw. The pore's shape on the ventral surface of leaves of this species is packed close together.