糯玉米杂交育种研究

Discuss on Waxy Corn Breeding Strategies

本文就糯玉米杂交育种中的几个问题进行了探讨 ,使用有限结实和无限结实两个概念对玉米的结实性进行了分类。作者认为 :(1)有限结实习性对玉米的丰产、稳产和糯玉米的外观商品品质具有重要作用 ,(2 )与株高穗位性状一样 ,果穗大小和子粒大小的一致性是体现各类玉米产量杂种优势的另一重要因素 ,(3)吐丝快、花期协调可保证玉米果穗上子粒间的授粉、发育基本同步 ,从而使同一果穗上子粒间的养分竞争趋于平衡 ,在发育好的果穗上表现为子粒大小基本一致 ,少有小粒、瘪粒存在 ,从而为玉米杂交种高产、稳产以及糯玉米杂交种果穗的外观商品品质提供保障。

We gave out our opinions on some problems concerning waxy corn breeding in this article,and used two concepts,the definite inflorescence and indefinite inflorescence,to describe the characteristics of corn female inflorescence.We pointed out that(1)the definite female inflorescence performs an important role in corn yielding and the commercial value of the waxy corn ear;(2)the uniformity in size of the corn ears and kernels has same effect on the yield heterosis of the corn of all kinds,compared with the uniformity in height of the corn plant and the ear;(3)the kernels in ear will keep consistence in their developing stages if the silks of a ear expose simultaneously and quickly,and the competition of the kernels will be weakened and the kernels will develop in the similar size,which is an important quality trait in waxy corn trade market.