单型小麦雄性不育系的育成及育性恢复性能的研究初报

BREEDING OF THE MALE STERILE LINE OF WHEAT WITH Ae.uniaristata CYTOPLASM AND ITS PERFORMANCE OF FERTILITY RESTORATION

以异质小麦品种(Ae.uniaristata)-Chris为母本,两个不同细胞质的正反杂交后代株(系)为父本1和父本2.先后进行了杂交和成对连续置换回交,最后培育出稳定的单型小麦雄性不育系,并用一批小麦品种(系)对其保持性和恢复性进行了测定。结果表明:单型不育系既不同于粘类,又更不同于提类.是一个稳定的新不育类型.突出的表现特点是:仅少数小麦品种(系)是其稳定的保持系,而绝大多数对其不育性都具有不同程度的恢复力;并在这些广泛的恢复材料中.高恢复度(80％以上)的恢复系比其它恢复源较广泛的不育类型在普通小麦中占有较大的比例.地其次是长势正常.种子饱满.胞质无不良的母性影响。为杂种小麦与常规育种有机地结合,常規育种的最新成就更容易直接应用于杂种小麦.加快杂种小麦的选育和应用创造了很有利的条件.

The cross and pairing backcross were made by (Ae.uniaristata)- Chris, an alloplasmic wheat variety, as female parent and the both progenies plants or lines of reciprocal cross with different cytoplasms as male par. ent 1 and 2 respectively, and a stable male sterile line of wheat with Ae.uniaristata cytoplasm was obtain ed. Meanwhile, its ability of fertility maintenace and restoration were detemined by using some wheat varieti es or lines. The results showed that the male sterile line of wheat with Ae.uniaristata cytoplasm is both different from the male sterile lines of wheat with Ae.kotschyi and with the same type as Ae.kotschyi cytoplasm and from those with T.timopheevi and with the same type as T.timopheevi cytoplasm. It is a stable new male sterile type. Its most obvious characteristics is that a few wheat varieties or lines are only its stable maintainer line and the most wheat varities or lines have rest orer ability for it in varying degrees, and the restorer lines over 80% restoration degree have higher ratio than other sterile type in common wheat. Secondly, the growth potential of the male Sterile line of wheat with Ae.uiaristata cytoplasm is normal, the seeds are plumpness and there are no harmful maternal effects. It supplies a favourable posslbi(?)ty for the fine combination of hybrid wheat and convention breeding, and for the most new achievement of convention breeding being much deractly used to breed hybrid wheat so as to speed breeding and application of hybrid wheat.