健康教育对高血压人群膳食及血脂的影响

Assessment of Nutritional Health Education on Dietary Condition and Serum Lipids Level of Hypertension Population in a Community Shanghai

目的 评价健康教育对社区高血压人群膳食及血脂状况的影响。方法 对上海社区高血压人群进行膳食调查及血脂分析。将高血压人群随机分为干预组和对照组 ,对干预组进行为期一年的高血压及营养健教 ,然后再对两组人群进行膳食调查及血脂分析。结果 居民膳食中脂肪供能比例大于总热能的 30 % ;钙及视黄醇摄入量不足 ;膳食模式中肉类偏多 ,奶类偏少 ,食盐摄入量超过 6 g/d·人 ;三餐热能分配不合理 ,早餐过少 ,晚餐过多 ;血清TC、TG、LDL3项指标均高于正常值。健康干预后 ,干预组在脂肪摄入上明显降低 ,脂肪供能比例占总热能的 30 %以下 ;钙及视黄醇摄入量有所增加 ;在膳食模式方面 ,水果、奶类摄入量明显增加 ;血清TC和LDL水平明显下降。而对照组膳食状况及血脂水平在宣教前后变化不大。结论 高血压及营养宣教活动对提高高血压人群的营养知识水平 ,树立合理的膳食模式是有效和可行的。

Objective To assess the hypertension and nutritional health education on dietary condition and serum lipids level of hypertensives in a community.Methods The hypertension subjects in a community of Shanghai were randomly sampled as the intervention group and the control group.Dietary surveys and blood test were carried out on hypertension subjects before and after nutritional health education.Results The calorie intake from dietary fat exceeded 30% of total calorie intake;Calcium and retinal intake were inadequacy;the consumption of meat was overabundance,while the consumption of milk was insufficiency.The average intake of salt exceeded 6g/d;Calorie intake was lowest in breakfast and highest in supper;The level of serum lipids for patients was higher than that of the normal up limit.The nutritional health education was carried out in intervention subjects for one year.The intervention results showed:the fat intake of intervention population was reduced,the calorie intake from dietary fat was less than 30% of total calorie intake;calcium and retinal intake increased;milk and fruit consumption increased greatly;the level of serum TC and LDL decreased significantly.Conclusion The nutritional health education about hypertension in community was effective and could help hypertensives to improve their nutritional knowledge,urge them change non-health dietary behavior and establish health dietary pattern.