钱学森论地理科学

Qian Xuesen's View on Geographical Science

钱学森在现代人类知识体系 11个门类中 ,将地理科学归结为自然科学与社会科学之间的桥梁科学 ;在五大开放的复杂巨系统中 ,把地理系统排在星系系统与社会系统之间 ;在社会总体设计部下设四大建设中 ,将地理建设与政治文明、物质文明、精神文明建设并列。钱学森把地理科学看做是举足轻重的科学体系。钱学森从哲学高度 ,从人类知识体系的高度 ,从复杂性系统科学的理论框架中 ,从社会总体设计工程的实践出发 ,把地理学提升到为国民经济服务的科学 ,因此 ,地理科学具有重要的理论与实践意义 。

This paper introduces Qian Xuesen's view on geographical science. In modern human knowledge system which consists of eleven departments Qian takes geographical science as the “bridge science' or confluence science between natural science and social science. Among the five open complex giant systems Qian put geographical system between the galaxy system and social system. In the system structure of socialism construction, which is proposed by Qian, he places geographical construction side by side with constructions of political, spiritual and material civilization. Showing great foresight and highly mastering of Marxist philosophy of dialectical materialism Qian puts forward the idea that geographical science should be developed from the old discipline of geography so that it can serve the development of national economy well. Some studies done by the author's organization, which may corroborate each other with Qian's view on geographical science, are introduced in the paper. They include the following aspects: 1) Geographical science is an anastomosis of geography, ecosystem, environment and geographical information system; 2) The space and geographical information network system is an open complex giant system; 3) In geographical information models, deduction, induction and analogy logic are used to build geographical non linear complexity equations; 4) Geographical information equations can forecast geographical phenomena that will be of service to geographical system engineering; 5) About philosophy of geographical science. [