肢体残障儿童的气质和行为问题分析

Analysis of temperament and behavioral problem in disabled children

目的 探讨肢体残障儿童的气质特征、行为问题以及两者间的关系。方法 用中国学龄儿童气质量表 (CSTS)和Achenback儿童行为量表 (CBCL)对 8～ 12岁残障儿童和正常儿童各 78例进行 1∶1对照分析 ,并按气质类型对CBCL行为因子的评分进行比较和通过多元逐步回归分析探讨气质因素对CBCL评分的影响。结果 残障儿童抚育困难型 (D型 )、中间偏难型 (I D型 )和发动缓慢型 (S型 )气质的比例明显高于正常儿童 ,容易抚育型 (E型 )和中间偏易型 (I E型 )的比例则明显低于后者 ;而残障儿童行为障碍的检出率为 91% ,正常儿童为14% ,残障儿童CBCL内化维度的行为因子和社会退缩维度的评分显著增高 ,两组CBCL的总分分别为 6 4 74±12 95和 5 1 0 3± 8 5 0 ,差异极其显著 (P <0 0 1)。此外 ,D型、I D型和S型气质者多数的CBCL因子的评分高于E型和I E型 ;在回归模型中 ,气质类型为首先引入的变量 ,对CBCL总评分的贡献率为 48%。结论 残障儿童在气质类型上与正常儿童存在明显差异 ,而且行为障碍发生率高 。

Objective To explore temperamental characteristics,behavioral problem,and the relationship between the two in disabled children.Methods Making 1∶1 comparison analysis of test results of 78 disabled and 78 normal children of 8 to 12 years with Chinese School Temperament Scale(CSTS) and Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL).Comparing the scores of behavioral factors of CBCL with the type of temperament and studying the influence of temperamental factors on CBCL scores by multiple stepwise regression.Results The rate of difficult(Type D),intermediate-difficult(Type I-D) and slow-up(Type S) to warm temperaments was significantly higher in disabled children than that in normal children.The rate of easy(Type E) and intermediate-easy(Type I-E) temperaments was especially lower in the disabled than that in the normal.The rate of behavioral disorders was 91% in the disabled and 14% in the normal.The CBCL scores of behavioral factors in the disabled on introverted dimensions and the dimension of social flinch were obviously high.The total CBCL score was 64.74±12.95 in the disabled and 51.03±8.50 in the normal,which made a great difference(P<0.01).In addition,the scores of many behavioral factors of CBCL were much higher in Type D,Type I-D and Type S to wartm temperaments than those in Type E and Type I-E temperaments.The temperament type was first introduced variant in the regressive model.The contribution rate of total CBCL score was 48%.Conclusion There were remarkable differences in temperament types between the disabled and the normal,and the rate of behavioral disorder was higher in the disabled.There was a close relationship between behavioral problem and temperament types.