哲学家如何理解人工智能——塞尔的“中文房间争论”及其意义

How to Understand AI from a Philosopher’s View ——John R.Searle’s Chinese Room Argument and its significance

本文首先介绍当代著名语言哲学家JohnR .塞尔的“中文房间”模型 ,认为它是对包括图灵标准在内的已有人工智能标准的挑战。本文继而对“中文房间”模型的逻辑基础问题进行讨论 ,指出基于二值逻辑的二进制计算机系统只能是非智能型的 ,智能计算机系统需要使用除经典二值逻辑以外的更多的逻辑系统和方法。作者给出了多值逻辑理论计算机的一些例子。本文最后指出 ,塞尔的“中文房间”模型应该成为人工智能的一个新标准。塞尔标准的意义在于 :它说明机器智能是有限度的 ,机器智能永远不可能超过人类智能。因此 ,它为人工智能提供了一个动态的、恒久适用的标准。

In this paper,the author recommended the Chinese Room Argument by John R.Searle,the famous philosopher,as a challenge for criterion of AI including Turing’s.Then the author discussed about the logical foundation of Searle’s Model,demonstrated that a binary computer system based on classical logic is only a unintelligent one,and that an intelligent computer system would be that one needs more logics and techniques in addition to classical logic and binary method.As an example,an intelligent computer system based on many-valued logic was given in this paper.Finally,the author pointed out that Searle’s Chinese Room Model should be a new criterion for AI.It is significant of Searle’s criterion that there is a limit for machine intelligence and that the intelligence humanity cannot be exceeded by machine forever.Thus Searle’s Model gives an active and everlasting criterion for AI.