从实验室到虚拟社区:科技人类学的新发展

From Laboratory to Virtual Community: The New Developing of Anthropology of Science and Technology

从 2 0世纪 70代至今 ,科技人类学的研究内容和田野调查地点随着科技的发展而变化着 :实验室研究用建构主义和文化相对主义观点 ,观察着实验室科学知识的生产 ;以特拉维克为代表的人类学家把研究范围扩大到整个科研机构 ,研究科学论文和技术仪器的文化重构 ;80年代 ,随着计算机技术的发展 ,人类学家开始探索高科技对人们生活、工作、家庭的影响 ,科技人类学的田野调查也逐步向高科技社区转移 ;九十年代后期 ,人类学家才开始关注虚拟社区和网络社会 。

From 70s to now,the context and fieldwork sites of anthropology of science and technology are changing according to the developing of science and technology:The laboratory study anthropologists observe the product of science knowledge in laboratory with the view of constructivism and cultrue relativism.And then,the anthropologists such as Traweek extend the sites to scientific research institution and study the culture reconsturction of papers and instrument.With the developing of computer technology in 80s,anthropologists start to explore the high-tech's effects on life and work,and the fieldwork site shift to high-tech community.In the late of 90s,cyberculture become a new domain of anthropology.