论领导活动的本质特征

On the Intrinsic Characteristics of Leading Activity

领导活动是人的一种特殊的实践活动。它存在于改造自然和社会的活动中 ,并发挥着以“虚”务“实”的特殊作用 ;是“通过别人”实现目的的特殊的对象性活动 ;以通过决策和协调的方式 ,实现观念创新、组织创新和行为创新的特殊否定性活动 ;以评价主体的双重性。

Leading activity is a kind of special human practice. It exists in the activity of reforming nature and society, and exerts the special role leading to 'the actual result' from 'the void'. It is also a special targeting activity realizing aims 'through others'. It still realizes the special negating activity of concept innovation, organization innovation and behavior innovation through the means of policy-making and coordinating. At last, it is a special evaluating activity with characteristics of duality of evaluating persons, authority of evaluating forms and aim-orientation of evaluating standards.