矿业权法律关系论

The Research on the Relationship among Mining Laws

矿业权制度不完全遵循民法关于主体法律地位平等的原则，国有矿山企业处于主导、核心的地位，相当类型的矿业权只允许特定的主体享有。在探矿权法律关系中，探矿权人享有矿产资源勘查权、采矿权的优先取得权和对新发现矿种进行开采的优先取得权等，负有及时完成勘查工作等义务。在采矿权法律关系中，采矿权人享有矿地使用权、开采权等，负有效保护、合理开采、综合利用矿产资源等义务。

Mineral right system does not follow the principle that the personality is equal before the civil law. The national mineral companies play a leading and central role in the mineral industry. Many kinds of mineral rights are only entitled to some special companies. In the legal relationship of prospecting, a person enjoys the right of prospecting, the priority of mining, the priority of mining the minerals prospected recently and so on; he undertakes the obligation of finishing the prospecting work in time and others. In the legal relationship of mining, a person enjoys the right of using the mining lands, mining and so on; he undertakes the obligation of protecting minerals and environment efficaciously, the obligation of mining reasonably and comprehensively, and the obligation of using mineral products and so on.