日照市1991～1999年口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗相关病例的流行病学分析

Epidemic Analysis of Vaccine Associated paralytic Poliomyelitis in Ri Zhao City from 1991 to 1999.

[目的]防止口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV)引起相关麻痹病例(VAPP)的发生。[方法]对日照市1991～1999年报告5例口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗相关病例(VAPP),进行流行病学调查分析。[结果]首次服苗者年平均发病率为17.89％/100万;以0～4岁服苗人次统计,平均年发生率为1.59/100万。发病性别男女之比为4:1。年龄为4～10月龄,均为第1次服苗,有4例发病前30d内有肌肉注射史,其中3例注射DPT。病毒分型:Ⅰ型1例,Ⅲ型1例,Ⅱ+Ⅲ型2例,Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ型1例,服苗到发病平均潜伏期15～22d,60d后随访均残留麻痹。[结论]随着OPV的大量使用,VAPP的发生率也在不断上升,应引起高度重视,制定有效的防治措施。

[Objective]To prevent the happening of VAPP caused by in - taking OPV. [Method]Five cased of vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis( VAPP) had been investigated in Ri Zhao during the period of 1991 - 1999. [Result]The average yearly morbidity among the persons who had taken the first dose of oral polio vaccine (opv) was 17.89 per million. By the statistics of recipients of vaccine of 0 - 4 years old, the average yearly morbidity was 1.59 per million., which was higher than the morbidity reported in our country or foreign. Of all the cased, the dominant sex was male aged from 4 to 10 months old, and all took the OPV for the first time, In the five cases, there were 4 cases who had the history of muscle injection 30 days before getting ill, and there were 3 cases who had been injected DPT. Of all the five cases, there was one case of virus type Ⅰ, and one case of type Ⅲ, and two cases of type Ⅱ + Ⅲ, and one case of type Ⅰ+ Ⅱ+ Ⅲ. The average hide period was 15 to 20 days all with paralysis later. [Conclusion]As the large using of OPV, the rate of VAAP is continually rising. Great emphasis should be put on the preventive methods.