绿洲生态系统的群落特征——以荒漠河岸林生态系统为例

Community Characteristics of Oasis Ecosystem--Taking Desert River Bank Forest Ecosystem as an Example

以胡杨为代表的荒漠河岸林生态系统的群落组成及结构特征 ,反映了干旱区天然绿洲的独特景观。它们主要依靠洪水泛滥形成的有利自然地理环境而生存 ,气候背景及地形地貌所影响的水盐、水热的时空分布差异 ,是群落演替的主要原因。绿洲的生态安全受区域地质背景和地貌格局的控制 ,也受到气候条件的制约。自然界的各种物理的、化学的和生物的相互作用 ,对于绿洲的发育和发展具有决定性的作用 ,人类的社会经济活动对绿洲的演化起着加速和促进的作用。应以保护生物多样性为核心 ,以水资源的合理利用为出发点 ,保证生态用水 ,遵循生态学原理和群落演替规律 ,进行绿洲系统的生态建设。

The community composition and construction characteristics of desert riverbank forest, represented by Populus euphratica, reveals distinctive landscape characteristics of natural oasis in arid region, and their existence mainly relied on advantageous natural geographical environment formed by flooding. The factors that caused the community succession were the differences of water-salt and water-heat distributions which were affected by climate and landform. Ecosafety of oasis was controlled not only by regional geological background and geomorphologic pattern, but also by climate condition. The reciprocity among physics? chemistry and organism decided the growth and deveopment of oasis. Meanwhile, social-economic activities of human beings had accelerated oasis evolution. In order to carry on ecological construction in oasis, ecology principles and community succession pattern should be abided by. Moreover, some measures that include biodiversity protection and water resource rational utilization as well as ensuring the water for ecological consumption should be taken.