人类活动对村级景观的影响

Impact of Human Activities on the LandscapeCharacteristics on Village-level

村落具有人类活动所造成的许多景观特征 ,是研究人为干扰对景观影响的良好场所。本文以研究点与村落中心间的距离作为人为干扰强度的划分指标 ,把村落按重度人为干扰、中度人为干扰和轻度人为干扰三个等级分为中心区、过渡区和基质区 ,分析人类活动与村级景观特征的相互关系。结果表明 :随着人为干扰强度的增加村级景观的斑块密度指数、破碎化指数、多样性指数、相对丰富度指数和均匀度指数均相应增大 ;中度人为干扰使得上述五种指数值最大 ;但中度干扰时景观优势度指数最小 ;随着干扰强度的增强 ,与人们生活密切相关的景观类型的分形维数减小 。

Villages have the landscape characteristics which were disturbed by human activities. So they are very good objects to deplore the effects of human disturbance on landscape. In this paper, the distance of stadied point to village center was taken as the index of human disturbing intensity, and the disturbances were divided in to three different levels, i.e. severe disturbance, moderate disturbance and light disturbance. The results show that landscape traits are related to disturbance levels very closely. Stronger disturbance results in higher patch density indexes? landscape fragment indexes? diversity index? relative richness index and evenness index, and there exist maximum of those indexes under moderate disturbance, but Dominance index is minimum under moderate disturbance. Fractul value is lesser and patches of landscape have well affinity with disturbance increase.