塔里木河干流上游土地利用动态变化研究

The Dynamics of Land Utilization inthe Upper reaches of Tarim River

在干旱区 ,水资源十分匮乏。若能有效的控制塔里木河上游耕地面积的扩张 ,同时提高水资源利用率 ,则能解决塔里木河流域长期以来农业用水和生态用水之间的矛盾 ,这对塔里木河流域持续发展有重要意义。应用遥感技术进行上游土地利用动态变化则为上游耕地现状和趋势发展提供一种快速和准确的方法。本文利用 1 95 9年、1 983年、1 992年和 1 996年四个时期的航片及卫片资料 ,研究了塔里木河干流上游典型图幅土地利用的动态变化。结果表明 ,研究区域人工绿洲和居民点面积逐年扩大 ,湖泊面积明显缩小 ,而天然植被面积趋于缩小 ,难利用面积变化不大。为此 ,有关部门应严格控制目前这种耕地继续扩张趋势 。

Water resources are becoming more and more shortage in Tarim arid region. So it is important to control the expansion of land reclamation and enhance the efficency of water resources utilization in upper reaches of Tarim River. It is also significant for the development of Tarim region to resolve the conflict between agricultural using water and ecological using water. Remote sensing technology is the best way to analyze the dynamics of land use. In this paper, the author discussed the dynamics of land use in typical region-Alaer(K-44-127,1∶100,000) by using the aeronautical maps and satellitic maps which were made in 1959,1983,1992 and 1996. The results showed that in this region the artificial oasis and residential area were enlarged step by step. On the contrary, the area of natural vegetation shrank year by year. As for the other land using types, the area of lakes decreased quickly and the area of usless land types has no great change for these years, e.g. the desert and the salina. Therefor the local goverment should strictly control the enlargement of land reclamation in upriver of Tarim River in order to save the lower reaches of Tarim River. And at the same time, we should strengthen the construction of vegetation to improve the ecological environment.