论自主的学习者

On Autonomous Learner

本文从自主学习兴起的背景、自主学习者的特征、以及自主学习的意义几个方面出发指出了自主学习的重要作用，特别强调了在开放教育中自主学习的必要性，并提出了培养自主学习能力的途径，以期使学习者认识到自主学习的重要性，有意识培养自主学习的能力。

Autonomous learning has become a hot issue in the field of education nowadays. Why does it attract so much attention? After analyzing the causes of the phenomenon, the author holds that it is the inevitable production of the times. As the result of lucubrated study on learning behavior, of pursuit of explanation of the difference in the achievements of learning, and of development in terms of meta-cognition and learning strategies, the author lists six special characteristics of an autonomous learner. 1. An autonomous learner is fully prepared for his learning and can set up short-termed challenging yet reachable objectives. 2. An autonomous learner is able to take steps which are necessary in his learning and make plans to move forward toward his goals. 3. An autonomous learner is able to do self-adjustment in his learning process. The objectives he sets up are related to his ability and his knowledge background. 4. An autonomous learner can do self-reflection and self-judgement, so he is able to examine whether he has undertaken his learning tasks well and adjust himself accordingly to reach his objectives. 5. An autonomous learner can concentrate himself and keep a definite goal in mind. He is also self-motivated and capable of using his knowledge and skills concerning with his present learning. 6. When faced with complicated learning tasks, an autonomous learner is good at making a good use of various resources and seeking exterior supports to overcome difficulties and complete his tasks. From the above mentioned, the learning done by an autonomous learner is an active and motile way of learning, the meaning of which lies in the learning process and the development of the learner himself. To foster the ability to learn autonomously, the following six aspects should be taken into consideration: 1. Motive 2. Learning strategies 3. Management of time 4. Control of the social environment 5. Control of the physical environment 6. Control of the results of learning Open education offers its learner more freedom. In here the uttermost of autonomy of the learner is brought forth. Therefore the learner＇s ability to learn autonomously is decisive in whether open education is a success or failure. The key to efficient learning lies in conscious cultivation of the learner＇s ability to do autonomous learning.