唐五代敦煌的营田与营田使考

A Study on Yingtian and its Officer of Dunhuang in the Tang and Five Dynasties

营田是唐宋时期极为盛行的一种土地制度 ,它起源于南北朝边境地区的军事耕营 ,并在唐代均田制破坏的基础上得到广泛的推广 ,渐而变成以民营为主。本文利用敦煌文书 ,结合传统史籍 ,对唐五代敦煌地区的营田制度的实行史实与营田使官职进行了梳理与考证。得出以下结论 :一是敦煌早在武则天时已实行民事营田 ,较内地为早。二是蕃占时期出现寺院营田 ,为其他地区所无。三是归义军时期曾大规模实行营田 ,仅瓜沙中心地区是民事营田 ,河西其他诸州为军事营田。四是敦煌地区实行了一套完整的营田使官职体系。

Yingtian was a popular land system during the Tang and Song Dynasties, which originated from military cultivation in frontier during the South and North Dynasties and developed in the Tang Dynasty instead of Juntian system The thesis makes use of Dunhuang manuscripts and historical records to study Yingtian system and its officer in Dunhuang in the Tang and Five Dynasties Some conclusions are drawn: First, civil Yingtian appeared in Dunhuang during the reign of Empress Wuzetian when it was earlier than in Central Plains; Second, there appeared Yingtian in Buddhist monastery during Tibetan period, which didn't exist in other areas; Third, Yingtian was carried out large-scale in Dunhuang during the Guiyijun period Civil Yingtian existed in Guazhou and Shazhou where were central area in Guiyijun regime and military Yingtian existed in other prefectures in Hexi corridor Fourth, the officer Yingtianshi was a complete system in Dunhuang