试论李贽“童心”说的理论基础

On the Theoretical Basis of Li zhi's "Child's Mind

李贽《童心说》把“童心”界定为最初一念之本心并予全面肯定 ,然而在文中对其肯定“童心”的依据全无论证。有的学者在古代中国的人性论中 ,寻找其理论基础。但假如考虑到李贽的理论体系 ,则荀子、孟子和程朱的主张都不足为其依据。其实李贽这种理论的依据主要是禅宗学说。但李贽所说的“佛”是入世的、能够帮助人解决各种世俗困难、也就是使人的世俗生活更为顺遂的明灯 ;并且他所说的“学佛”是要人从外在的“闻见道理”中解脱出来 ,从而达到一切任其自然的境界。因此 。

Though we can say that the'Child's Mind(童心)',which Li Zhi fully regarded as positive,means the first and the most fundermental mind of man is Li Zhi's context actually in'Tong xin shuo(童心说)',we can not find any clue supporting this interpretation.Some researchers have been trying to find this in the traditional discussions of ancient Chinese scholars-such as Xunzi(荀子)?Mengzi(孟子)?Cheng Zhu(程一朱)-about the human nature.But regarding the concrete contents and the theoretical system of Li zhi's philosophy,I think their efforts could hardly turn out successful.therefore,in this research,I'll submit another solution to this problem,which is mainly the theory of Chan(禅)meditators.But the'buddha'in Li zhi's concept is the guide who volunteers to go into people,with them conferring all kind of problems that caused from mundane or general life,and eventually help them live a happier life.Especially when he suggested 'studying buddha',he laid great emphasis on one point that man should free himself from the shallow way of 'experience and reason'accounted by the Neo confucian scholars.On the contrary,he asserted that it is important to live a natural life,in which all problems of life are put into Nature itself.So it is safe enough to say that the theory of'Child's Mind'is the original theory of buddhists with some changes.