从有关“香蕉”的争端看国际法与域内法的关系

The Relationship between the International Law and the European Law ——As An Example of the "Banana-Conflicts

欧共体不是GATT缔约方 ,GATT也从没有确立过EC在其中的法律地位。但由于在EC成立之前 ,其成员国已是GATT的缔约国了 ,且EC自成立以来就一直奉行积极参加GATT活动、履行总协定义务的贸易政策 ,EC事实上继承了各成员国在GATT中的权利和义务 (除投票权外 ) :通过参与缔约方会议、各工作组 ,各专门委员会的工作、代表EC各成员国与第三国进行多边贸易谈判等 ,EC取得了GATT事实成员的资格。故自 1 974年以来 ,所有针对EC或其成员国的指控 ,直接以EC为被告。与EC在GATT中的地位不同 ,EU成了WTO完全的正式成员。在EU取得正式资格的同时 ,EU各成员国依就享受WTO成员资格 ,即双重正式成员资格。欧洲法院因此以 1 994号意见裁定 ,就GATS而言 ,因属于共同体和各成员国共同管辖事项 ,在WTO中 ,EU和其成员国负有相互合作的义务。

EC was not the contracting party of GATT.Nevertheless the EC Members had been contracting parties of GATT before the EC was founded,and further more,that it has been taken an active part in the GATT's activities since its foundation.So in fact EC has actually carried on the rights and the duties of its members in GATT.And,by way of taking part in the work of the special committees and other activities,EC became a de facto member of GATT.This article aims at analysing the relationship between the international Law and the European law at the time of GATT.So as to offer some new and useful examples for our country.