新千年的挑战:生物心理社会医学模式

Biopsychosocial Challenges of the New Millennium

疾病的生物心理社会模式是基于细胞、组织、器官、人际关系以及环境影响等多种因素相互作用的一种构想。在新千年中 ,人们最关心的是行为、环境、心理和社会因素在促进疾病的恢复、保持心情愉快以及抵抗疾病中的作用。应付压力机制与社会、行为因素密切相关 ,该机制可以很清楚地说明外部环境压力和由某种心理反应而引发疾病的情形。压力和消极心理及社会因素对身体和细胞的免疫状态和功能方面都将产生影响。未来几十年我们不但要关注行为和心理社会因素通过神经生理机制对健康状况产生影响 ,而且更有必要揭示有利于健康和人体机能最佳发展的生物心理社会医学等综合因素。此外 ,还应推进初级预防科学。

The biopsychosocial model of illness was truly visionary in its formulation of interacting systems at cellular, tissue, organismic, interpersonal and environmental levels. In the new millennium,it is the role of behavioral, environmental, psychological and social factors in promoting recovery from illness as well as resilience and resistance to disease outcomes. Allostatic load,which is importantly linked to social and behavioral factors, can clearly explain the condition that the excess circumstance stress and a psychological response lead to a disease. Stress and negative psychological and social factors influence both the body and cellular of immune status and function. In the decades to come,we will not only elaborate the neurophysiological mechanisms through which behavioral and psychosocial factors impact health outcomes,but also reveal the affection coming from biopsychosocial factions benefitting to health and promoting optimal human functioning.Besides,We must also adrance the Science of Primary prevention.