中学生不良健康行为及其相关因素分析

Analysis of health-risk behaviors and their influencing factors in middle school students

目的 了解青少年多种不良行为现状及其影响因素。方法 对西乡县两所中学高中一、二年级的学生进行问卷调查。结果 ①学生吸烟率 2 1 8% ,吸烟的主要原因是“心情不好” ,其影响因素有性别、学校类型、生源地、学习成绩、父母婚姻状况及校外朋友的多少 ;②饮酒率5 2 1 % ,饮酒的主要原因是“庆贺高兴的事情” ,影响饮酒的因素有性别、年龄、父母的管教、学习成绩及校外朋友的多少 ;③ 3 9 9%学生曾有过离家出走的行为或念头 ,主要是因为“家长误解” ;④ 2 6 5 %学生曾有过自杀的念头 ,4 4%有过自杀的行为 ,主要是因为“学习压力太大” ,影响自杀念头的因素有性别和人际关系 ,影响自杀行为的因素有学习成绩和学校类型 ;⑤ 3 5 %的学生报告曾有过性行为 ,主要原因是“一时冲动” ,影响性行为的因素有年龄和校外朋友的多少 ;⑥除吸烟、饮酒与自杀念头无关 ,离家出走的行为或念头与自杀行为无关外 ,其余各行为之间均有显著的相关性。结论 该地区青少年的不良健康行为比较严重 ,应引起有关部门的重视。

Objective To get the information of health-risk behaviors of adolescents in the rural area. Methods The survey was conducted by questionnaire among grade-1 and grade-2 students of two senior high schools in Xixiang County.Results ①21.8% of the students had smoked. The main reason for it was bad mood. The influencing factors included gender, school type, hometown academic performance, the number of friends outside school, and parental divorce; ②52.1% of the students has drunk alcohol. The major reason for it was celebration. Gender, academic performance, the number of friends outside school, age, and parents' disciplines were the influencing factors; ③39.9% of the students ever had the thought and/or the behavior of departure from home. Misunderstanding from parents was primarily responsible for it; ④26.5% of the students ever had thought of committing suicide,the influencing factors of which were gender and interpersonal relationship, 4.4% had even ever committed suicide because of school type and academic performance.Heavy pressure from study was the primary cause. ⑤3.5% of the students admitted that they ever had sexual behavior on impulse. Age and the number of friends outside school were the influencing factors for this behavior; ⑥There were no correlations between somking and the thought of suicide, drinking and the thought of suicide, and departure and the suicide. But the correlation existed among all the other behaviors.Conclusion The problem of risk behavior among high shcool students in this area was relatively serious and deserves more attention of the authorities concerned.