学龄前儿童视力发育的危险因素调查

An Investigation on Risk Factors in Visual Development of Preschool Children in Chongqing.

【目的】 了解学龄前儿童视力发育的危险因素 ,提出早期干预的措施。 【方法】 采用STYCAR字母匹配的视力测验卡片测查视力 ,采用自行设计、含 12个变量的问卷 ,由医务人员指导家长填写。 【结果】 学龄前儿童视力异常检出率为 2 4.7% ,视力可疑检出率为 17.7% ,Logistic回归模型分析结果示 :看电视的距离、户外活动的时间、每天看电视的时间、室内灯光的危险率分别为 1.8365 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,1.764 5 (P <0 .0 1) ,1.6897(P <0 .0 5 )和 1.4676(P >0 .0 5 )。 【结论】 重庆地区住宅面积较小 ,限制了儿童看电视的距离可能是重要原因之一 。

Objective This study was designed to detect advantageous versus disadvantageous factors in visual development of preschool children and to find the ways of intervention to prevent serious visual defects. Methods Visual acuity was tested with Sheridan's STYCAR letter chart.The parents answered the questionnaires including twelve factors relating to vision. Results The prevalence of subnormal visual acuity in preschool children in Chongqing was 24.7%.The risk ratios(RR) of the distancefor watching television(TV),the time of outdoor activities,the time of watchingTV and the indoor lighting were 1.836 5( P <0.05),1.764 5( P <0.01),1.689 7( P <0.05) and 1.467 6( P >0.05),respectively. Conclusions Perhaps the narrowish rooms were responsible for children watching TV to keep short distance in Chongqing area.To improve the eye health,preschool children should be encouraged to play outdoors,which will be beneficial to premature visual acuity development in early childhood.