颈静脉孔的应用解剖学研究

STUDY ON APPLIED ANATOMY OF JUGULAR FORAMEN

目的 :研究颈静脉孔的形态结构及毗邻关系 ,为临床手术提供解剖学依据。方法 :在 32个颅底标本观察颈静脉孔的形态、在 1 0个完整头颅标本上观察颈静脉孔内穿梭结构间关系 ,并测量其的长度、宽度及其到颞骨岩骨嵴、前庭小管外口、内耳门下后缘、后半规管弓峰的距离。结果 :颈静脉孔位于岩枕交界处 ,形态不规则 ,可有 1～ 3个孔 ,其中 1孔占 75 % ,2孔 2 1 9% ;Ⅸ～Ⅹ间均有纤维分隔 ;岩下窦穿颈静脉孔时 90 %位于Ⅸ～Ⅹ神经间 ,1 0 %位于Ⅹ～Ⅺ神经间 ,其 95 %汇入颈静脉球、4 5 %分支同时汇入颈静脉 ,测量结果均值依次为 1 5 4 5、9 0 8、1 3 79、9 5 1、4 77、5 2 1mm ,其中颈静脉孔长度、宽度及其到前庭小管外口、后半规管下缘弓峰的距离有统计学差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :颈静脉孔是颅底一个明显的标志性结构 ,与毗邻的各个重要结构有着一定的解剖关系 ,颈静脉孔内结构变异较大 ,右侧颈静脉孔较对侧大 ,高颈静脉球以右侧多见。

Objective:To study configuration and abut structure of jugular foramen and provied an anatomic basis for clinic surgery.Methods:Configuration of jugular foramen of cranial base were observed in 32 specimens and the relation of neurovessel perforating jugular foramen in 10 fixed cadavers were observed lengths and widths of jugular foramen and distance from jugular foramen to petrous ridge,external aperture of the vesibular aqueduct,inferioposterior lip of internal auditory meatus,arc peak of posterior semicircular canal were all measured.Results:Jugular foramen located in the petroccipial boundary was irregular,which could be one to 3 hiatus,one in 24 sides (75%),two in 14(21.9%) sides;there were fibrous septum between cranial nerve (CN) Ⅺ and CN Ⅹ;The inferior petrous sinus (IPS) entered the foramen between CN Ⅺ and Ⅹ,however,in 10% of ours cases it entered the foramen between CN Ⅸ and Ⅹ.The IPS terminated in jugular bulb in 95% cases,and in 45% cases it came to internal carotid artery at the same time;the results of measurement were 15.45,9.08,13.79,9.51,4.77,5.21 mm in turns,in which there were significant difference between left and right of the lengths and widths of jugular foramen and distance from jugular foramen to external aperture of the vesibular aqueduct,arc peak of posterior semicircular canal ( P <0.05).Conclusion:Jugular foramen is an obvious anatomic mark on cranial base,and there is some anatomic relation with abut structure;Variance of neruovessel preforating the foramen is clear,the right foramen is larger than the left;high jugular bulb often appears at right.