中国土地利用时空特征分析

Analysis on Spatial-Temporal Features of Land Use in China

在遥感技术与ＧＩＳ技术的支持下，对中国近５年来土地利用的时间动态特征和空间动态特征进行了定量分析。具体表现为通过数学建模，利用土地利用动态度模型、土地利用程度模型、垦殖指数模型等对土地利用时空特征进行了分析。研究结果表明：５年间中国土地利用类型发生变化比较大的区域主要分布在东部和北部地区，特别是东北部地区土地利用类型变化比较剧烈，而西部变化相对缓慢；土地利用各类型中面积增加的有耕地、水域、建设用地和未利用地，而林地、草地面积减少；耕地增加的区域位于东北部地区，特别是黑龙江省耕地面积增加最多；林草地以及未利用地的面积变化主要发生在新疆、内蒙和黑龙江等地区，其它地区变化幅度相对较小。

The research on land use and land cover change is a core for studies on the global changes. Also the research of spatial-temporal features of land use/land cover change is significantly important for better understanding land use/land cover change and environmental management for sustainable development. In order to study the spatial-temporal changes of land use and land cover, the technologies of remote sensing and geographical information system were used to analyze the spatial dynamical features and temporal dynamical features of land use in China. The mathematical methodology for study on land use change was explored and developed. This research focuses on the dynamical analysis of spatial-temporal features of land use and land cover change of China in recent five years, such as land use types, land use degree, plantation status, city expansion, and so on. The results are: the cultivated land, water area, built-up or non-arable land area are increasing and forestland and grassland keep decreasing in the five years. The change of land cover types is not obvious in the corresponding period. The area-change of cultivated land has taken place mostly in the middle and eastern China. However, the area-change of forestland and grassland and unused land has mainly taken place in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Inner-Mongolia Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province in China.