鞍钢1951～1999年尘肺病发病特征的流行病学调查分析

Epidemiological Survey and Analysis on Incidence Regularity of Pneumoconiosis in AISG in 1951～1999

目的 探讨鞍钢集团公司建国后历年来尘肺病发生、发展规律。以指导今后的尘肺病防治工作。方法 采用回顾性调查和分析方法对各厂矿近 49年 (195 1～ 1999年 )期间的 5 5 33例尘肺病患者发病情况进行了分析。结果与结论 粉尘是鞍钢的主要职业有害因素 ,主要分布于矿山、耐火、烧结、冶炼和机械制造 ,尘肺病以矽肺为主 ,尘肺病的平均发病年龄为 48岁 ,波动在 40～ 6 0岁之间。尘肺病平均检出率为 1 41% ,并呈逐年降低趋势。尘肺病的平均接尘工龄为 18年 ,并随首次确诊年段的延长而延长 ;尘肺病的平均晋级年限为 10 4年 ;尘肺病的平均病程为 13 8年 ,且随发病年龄和接尘工龄的延长而缩短 ;合并肺结核患者的平均病程比未合并者短 ;尘肺病的平均死亡年龄为 6 1岁 ,尘肺病的确诊年龄越小 ,其平均寿命越短。尘肺病的主要死因为肺结核、慢性肺源性心脏病、恶性肿瘤 (主要为肺癌 )和脑血管意外。

Objective The aim of this study is to explore the incidence and developing regularity of silicosis,and to provide guidance for prevention and treatment of silicosis in future.Methods Survey and analysis on the incidence data of silicosis in nearly five decades are conducted.Results and Conclusions Dust is the main occupational hazard in iron and steel industry,which distributes in mining,refractory manufacturing,sintering,smelting,and machinery industries.The type of pneumoconiosis is mainly silicosis.Its average incidence age is 48 years(40～60 years),and the average incidence is 1 41 per 100 health checked objects,which has been reducing year after year.The average time of exposure is 18 years,which prolongs as the year of first diagnosis prolongs.The average time of stage upgrade and the average course of silicosis are 10 4 and 13 8 respectively,and have shortened with the lengthening of the incidence age and time of exposure.The average coures of silicosis complicated with tuberculosis is shorter than those of uncomplicated.The average age of death is 61 years old.The smaller is the diagnostic age of silicosis,the shorter is its average life span.The major death causes are pulmonary tuberculosis,chronic pulmonary heart disease,cancers(mainly lung cancer)and cerebrolvascular diseases.