句子的表述性特征

On Sentential Signification and Value

以往对句子特征的研究 ,主要有以下几种路径 :从逻辑的角度认识句子、从意义的完整性认识句子、从结构的独立性认识句子、从句调认识句子 ,由上述几种路径认识句子的特征 ,存在着很大的局限性。表述性是句子的本质特征 ,表述性分为句子的表述和句子的局部表述 ,句子的表述依靠句调来表现 ,它表达的是语气。句子的局部表述依靠语气词、语气副词等来表现 ,它表达的是口气。具体的句子和抽象的句子都有表述性 ,但表述性的特点并不相同。具体的句子的表述性是外显的 ,实现了和语境的联系。抽象的句子的表述性是内隐的 ,尚未实现和语境的联系。

The studying approaches to sentences have been classified into several kinds so far, which focus respectively in logic relationship between parts of a sentence, completion of meaning expression, structural independence, and intonation. But each of the approaches employed to identify features of sentences has its limitation. Signification and value, the essential characteristics of a sentence, can be expressed at sentence level or below sentence level. The communicative value of a sentence depends on its intonation determining mood, while that of a sentence part relies on auxiliaries and adverbs indicating tone. Both concrete and abstract sentences have communicative value, but the value of the former is different from the later. The communicative value of a concrete sentence is overtly expressed in context, but the communicative value of an abstract sentence is covert without being realized in context.