我国近现代“教育救国思想”述评

Comments and Enlightments on "the Thought of Saving the Nation through Education" in the Modern Times of China

“教育救国思想”是我国近现代一种重要的教育思潮 ,其核心思想认为社会的改造和进步应该首先或主要通过教育才能实现 ,把发展教育视为国家强弱兴衰的指针和救亡图存的要律。这个时期涌现出的地主阶级改革派和洋务派以“发展军事教育”为核心的教育救国思想、资产阶级改良派以“育人才”为变法本原的教育救国思想、新文化运动时期的教育救国思想以及国民党统治时期的教育救国思想是一种爱国主义教育思想。虽然它突出并强调了教育的独立性和主体性地位 ,但因忽视了教育的社会制约性 ,没有认识到教育只是在一定范围内、一定程度上具有独立于政治、经济等其他社会现象的性质 ,而导致了它的最终破灭。

The thought of saving the nation through education' is one kind of the important thoughts in the modern times of China, its main idea is that the advancing of society should be achieved by education firstly, it also regards the education as the guideline for one country to promote vigorously. This paper presents that the thought of saving the nation through education' is an idea of patriotism, it stressed greatly the independence and subjectivity of education, the education could not rescue the nation, but it can make our country stronger through analyzing the reformer of landlord class and the people of foreign affairs who advocated saving the nation by developing military education, and the reformer of bourgeoisie suggested that the political reform should be carried out by cultivating people, and the main contents and characteristics of the thought of saving the nation through education' during the period of new culture movement and the times dominated by the Kuomingtang.