求实录与扬名教:刘知几史学批评的双重原则──读《史通》札记

Pursuing the Facts and Respecting the Confucian Ethical Code: Liu Zhiji's Principles on Historiography Criticism──Reading Notes on a Survey on History

刘知几在《史通》中一方面力倡秉笔直书，确保“实录史学”，反复强调史家和史著要“审实”、“故实”、“摭实”、“寻其实”……；另一方面又主张“激扬名教”，笃信“子为父隐，直在其中”，“史氏有事涉君亲，必言多隐讳，虽直道不足，而名教存焉”。“求实录”与“扬名教”构成了刘知几史学批评的双重原则。

Liu Zhiji's A Survey on History advocates two approaches on historiography criticism. On one hand, historiography should be evaluated according to it's original details, which are very important to histo- rians as well as historic works; on the other hand, the confucian ethical code should be respected, that is to say, following the confucian ethics, the facts should not be exposed directly wherever emperors and their close rela- tives are involved.