对古汉语中词类活用和兼类的再认识

New Understanding of Appling Parts of Speech Flexibly and Jianlei in Ancient Chinese

词的活用和兼类是古汉语研究中颇有争议的问题 ,学者们对此多有讨论。本文从古文字的原始构形、字 (词 )的原始词性、语言发展的阶段性特征及汉语句子对举的特点诸方面 ,对此问题进行了探讨 ,提出大量名词用作动词不是词类活用 ,上古汉语动词无及物与不及物的区分等观点。

Appil parts of speech flexibly and jianlei are two disputed problems in the study of ancient Chinese .scholars have discussed them a lot .This article probes into these two problems from the original configuration ofancient words,the original syntactical functions and morphological features that help to determine a part of speech of words,the stage teatures of language developing,and the characteristics of duijv of Chinese sentences.It puts torward some viewpoints,such as many nouns are used as verbs,which is not to apply parts of speech fiexibly;ancient Chinese verbs were not distinguished into transitive verbs and intransitive verbs.