日本高等教育的大众化与特罗“理论”

The massification of Japanese higher education and Trow theory

马丁·特罗对于高等教育三个发展阶段的特性和结构的论述有先见性和预见性 ,但该理论也有其局限性 ,它只是根据欧洲和美国高等教育的经验建立起来的 ,缺乏有关亚洲、特别是东亚在 2 0世纪 70年代正发生变化的信息和知识 ,没有预想到信息技术的惊人发展所带来的变化等。日本的历史经验告诉我们 :由于存在着“日本式的”私立高等教育 ,使得日本能够在短时期内赶超上欧洲各国的高等教育毛入学率 ,而且以高于欧洲各国的速度实现了大众化。

Although Martin Trow showed his prevision on the characteristics and structure of the three stages of development in higher education, limitations were also demonstrated in his theory. Established on the experience of Europe and America, the theory lacks the Asian especially the eastern Asian information and knowledge which was undergoing changes in 70's of the 20th century, and it did not foresee the changes caused by the fast development of information technology. It is the private higher education 'in Japanese way' that helps Japan catch up with and surpass European countries in the gross enrollment rate in a short time, and it is in this way that Japan can complete its massification of higher education earlier than the European countries.