试论战后初期的苏联外交政策

The Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union in the Early Period of Postwar

第二次世界大战是以反法西斯盟国和世界人民的伟大胜利而告终的。然而 ,战后不久 ,两个最重要的反法西斯盟国 ,美国和苏联之间就爆发了冷战。当然 ,美苏由战时的合作盟友关系发展到以后的全面对抗并不是一夜之间就形成的 ,而是有一段相对较长的过渡时期 ,即战后初期(1 945— 1 949) ,这是一个新旧历史阶段交替的过渡环节。本文从这期间苏联的外交入手 ,认为苏联这一时期奉行的是积极防御的现实主义外交政策。其革命性日趋减弱 ,而保守性日益加强 。

The World War II ended with the victory of the allied countries and the world people. While, shortly after the war, the cold war broke out between two most important anti fascist allied countries: the USSR and the U.S.A.. Of course all these did not happened in one night. There was a relatively long period: The early period of the postwar (1945-1949) was the transitional phase. This article argues about the diplomacy of the Soviet Union in this time, which took the realistic progressive defensive foreign policy. For carrying out this policy, its revolutionary characteristic gradually faded but the conservative nature reinforced, so the conflict between the two countries changed from that of the ideology into the hegemony.