荷马史诗中关于政治领袖的术语

Terms about Political Leaders in Homer

本文主要讨论了荷马史诗中出现的关于政治领袖的术语 ,分析了它们、尤其是瓦那克斯和巴赛列斯在史诗中的意义及其在政治生活中的地位 ,指出其在政治领袖术语的使用上相当模糊 ,其中不少并不是指真正的政治领袖。它们表明 ,迈锡尼时代的君主和官僚制度到荷马时代已经崩溃 ,并不强大的王权开始衰落、贵族政治逐渐兴起 ,古典时代的希腊城邦已经萌芽。因此 ,史诗的背景虽然被放在迈锡尼时代 ,真正描写的却是公元前 1 0 -前 8世纪、尤其是公元前

This paper mainly concerns the terms about the political leader in Homer. After analyzing the meanings of the terms in the epics, especially those of Wanax and Basileus, in Homer, it tries to demonstrate that these terms are very vague and are applied not so strictly, many of which are not actually referred to political leaders. This fact shows us that the monarchic and bureaucratic system of the Mycenaean world had collapsed in the Homeric age, the kingship began to decline and the aristocracy began to rise. The polis which characterized classical Greece germinated. Though the background of the epics were put in the Mycenaean age, the true time was the 10th to 8th centuries BC in Greece.