长江中游鄂东南铜矿集区土壤铜环境地球化学特征

Environmental geochemistry of copper in soils in the regions rich in copperdeposits, Southeast Hubei Province, along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

对鄂东南铜矿集区的山间谷地、长江冲积平原和低山丘陵三种地形土壤的系统测定表明:(1)土壤母质是影响土壤全量铜的主要因素,土壤有效态铜总体上受土壤全量铜的制约;在相同地理和气候条件下,土壤pH值是控制铜垂向分布的重要条件之一;中生代含铜花岗闪长岩是长江中游沿江铜矿集区内区域土壤铜污染的主要自然源。(2)矿集区内土壤铜污染主要有自然污染和人为污染两类,两类土壤污染在土壤全量铜、有效态铜和铜含量垂向分布及土壤pH、R(电导)等理化性质方面有着明显的区别。

The areas along the middle lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Southeast Hubei Province, Jiurui, Anqing, Tongling, etc.) are the important regions rich in copper (iron and gold) deposits. The development of modern industry and agriculture has brought a serious problem of soil plant system being polluted by heavy metals in recent several decades. The law of circulation of material in soil plant subsystem is probed into, according to the analysis of copper based on the study of regional background value of soil, with rock soil water body being regarded as a system. Sixty six soil samples and twenty nine soil sections from intermountain basin, alluvial plain of the Yangtze River and hilly land in the study areas are analyzed. The systematic analysis of pH, Eh, R (conductance), and content of the total and available Cu indicate that soil material is the chief factor affecting content of the total Cu, and the overview of available of Cu is controlled by content of the total Cu. In the same geographical and climatic conditions, the pH value of soil is one of the most important factors dominating the vertical distribution of content of Cu. The Mesozoic Era Cu bearing granodiorite is the major natural source of Cu environmental pollution in soil in the regions along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. In the regions rich in Cu deposits, the soil is polluted by Cu both naturally and artificially. There are many conspicuous physical and chemical differences between the two kinds of polluted soils in the total and available content of Cu, the vertical distribution of content, the pH and R value in soil.