河北中部麦田杂草的发生规律及其化学防除技术研究

Studies on the Occurrence Pattern and Chemical Control Techniques of Weeds in Winter Wheat Fields in Middle Area of Hebei

通过两年的生产实践和试验研究,基本摸清了河北中部麦田杂草的发生规律。小麦越冬前发生的第一批杂草主要是播娘蒿Descurainia sophia(L.)Schur和荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.)Medic.;开春后在小麦4叶期发生第二批杂草,主要是藜Chenopdium album L.,刺儿菜Cephalanop1os setosum(Willd.)kitam,小旋花Calystegia haderacea Wall.,萹蓄Polygonum aviculare L.,小藜Chenopdimu serotinum和田旋花Convolvulus arvensis L。等。在小麦6叶期发生第三批杂草主要仍为藜、小藜等。针对麦田杂草发生规律,提出了二种化学防除措施,第一:以藜为生态优势种而播娘蒿、荠菜发生较小的单优群落的麦田,用百草敌+2.4—滴丁酯(13.5+25克/亩)或百草敌+二甲四氯钠盐(13.5+38克/亩)在小麦4叶期施药可控制住杂草的危害。第二:以播娘蒿为优势种的单优群落和以播娘蒿、荠菜为优势种的双优群落以及播娘蒿、荠菜、藜为优势种的多优群落的麦田,用2.4—滴丁酯(50克/亩)或二甲四氯钠盐(75克/亩)在小麦3叶期。百草敌+2.4—滴丁酯(13.5+25克/亩)或百草敌+二甲四氯钠盐(13.5+38克/亩)在小麦5叶期二次施药可有效防除杂草,小麦增产均达10％以上。

Authors have studied the occurrence pattern and chemical control techniques of weeds in winter wheat fields in middle area of Hebei in 1987-1988. Results showed that there are three batches weeds occurred in the fields. The first batch of weeds occurred before winter, there are Descurainia sophia(L.), schar and capsella aursa-pastoris(L.) Medic. The second batch of weeds occurred at winter wheat 4 leaf stage, there are chenopdium album L. , Cephalanoplos setosum(Willd.) kitam, Calystegia hederacea Wall. , Polygonum aviculare L. , Chenopodimu setotinum and Convolvulus arvensis L. , The third batch of weeds occurred at winter wheat B leaf stage, there are Chenopdium album L. Chenopodimu serotinum L. also. The most dominant population are Deseurainia sophia (L.) schur single dominant population, Chenopdium album L. single dominant population, Descurainia sophia (L.) Schur and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic double dominant population, Descurainia sophia(L.)Schur and Capselja bu rsa-pastoris(L.)Medic and Chenopdium album L. manifold dominant popula tiim. According to the occurrence pattern of the weeds in fields, we suggest that using two chemical control system to contorl weeds. A system: usingdicamba(Banvel)+2.4-D ester(200+375g. (a.i.)/ha)or dicamba+MCPA-Na (200+570g. (a.i)/ha) at winter wheat four leaf stage spraying provided Chenopdium album L. single dominant population occurred in fields. B system: Using 2.4-D ester (750g. (a.i.)/ha)or MCPA-Na(1125g. (a.i.)/ha) at winter wheat three leaf stage, and using dicamba+2.4-D ester (200+375g.(a.i.)/ha) or dicanba+MCPA-Na(200+570 g.(a.i.)/ha) at winter wheat fire leaf stage twice spraying provided Descurainia sophia (1.)Schur single dominant population, Descurainia sophia (1.)Schur and Capsella bursa-pastrois(L.)Medic double dominant population, or Descurainia sophia (L.) Schur and cheropium album L. manifold dominant po pulation occurred in fields.