盐生植物在盐渍土壤改良中的作用

IMPROVEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF SALINE SOIL BY PLANTING HALOPHYTES

盐生植物盐爪爪〔Kalidiumfoliatum (Pall.)Moq.〕、盐地碱蓬 (SuaedasalsaL .Pall)、中亚滨藜 (AtriplexcentralasiatieaIljin)、西伯利亚白刺 (NitrariasibiricaPall) ,在中国禹城地区〔φ(N) =36°5 5′,λ(E) =116°40′〕含盐量较高 (1%～ 1.3%)的试验田中分别种植 .出苗后定苗 ,株密度n =80m-2 ,小区面积为 4m2 ,每种植物 3个重复 .种植前分别测定土壤Na+ 含量 ,N、P、K含量 ,有机质含量 ,细菌和真菌数量 .萌发后 15d测定植株干重、植株Na+ 含量 .在花芽形成期收获 ,再测定植物干重和植株Na+ 含量 ,以及土壤Na+ 含量 ,N、P、K含量 ,有机质含量 ,细菌和真菌数量 .结果发现 ,盐渍土壤种植 4种盐生植物 1个季度后 ,土壤Na+ 含量显著降低 ,每季盐爪爪从土壤中吸收Na+ 量 934 5 .6kg/hm2 ,盐地碱蓬吸收Na+ 量 6 85 1.4kg/hm2 ,西伯利亚白刺吸收 6 0 19.2kg/hm2 ,中亚滨藜吸收 6 0 98.4kg/hm2 .土壤有机质 ,N、P、K以及细菌和真菌数量也有不同程度的增加 .这再次证明 ,盐生植物是一类良好的吸盐植物 .并对盐渍土壤种植盐生植物后Na+盐降低、土壤肥力和微生物数量增加的原因进行了讨论 .表 7参

Suaeda salsa L. Pall, Atriplex centralasiatiea Iljin, Nitraria sibirica Pall and Kalidium foliatum (Pall.) Moq. were planted in heavy saline soil(salt content 1%～1.3%) in the experimental plot in Yucheng, Shandong Province 〔φ(N)=36°55′,λ(E)=116°40′〕, respectively. The sowing area of each plant was 4 m 2with 80 plants per m 2and 3 replicates. Dry weight and salt contents of plants, Na +, organic substances, N, P, K, bacteria and fungi contents of saline soil were determined, respectively before plating and after harvesting. The results showed that after harvesting, the salt contents of saline soil in different depths obviously decreased, while the contents of the organic substances, N, P, K, bacteria and fungi of saline soil increased in varying degrees. After a season, the salt content decrement of saline soil with planted K. foliatum (Pall.) Moq. was 9 345.6 kg/hm 2. That of S. salsa L. Pall 6 851.4 kg/hm 2, A. centralasiatica Iljinis 6 019.2 kg/hm 2, and N. sibirica Pall 6 098.4 kg/hm 2. Obviously, the above halophytes are good salt-absorbing plants for saline soil. The reasons for the decreasing of salt and increasing of organic substances, N, P, K, bacteria and fungi in saline soil after planting halophytes are discussed in this paper. Tab 7, Ref 18