深圳市鼠类及其体表昆虫调查

Investigation on Rat and Insects on Its Body Surface in Shenzhen

目的 :为了解深圳市鼠及其体表携带蜱、蚤、革螨、恙螨的种群构成、分布。方法 :在全市居住区、农耕区、山区设 11个点 ,以整群抽样方法调查 ,捕获的鼠类经鉴定后采集体表昆虫 ,计算鼠带虫 (蜱、蚤、革螨、恙螨 )率和指数。结果 :共获鼠形动物 6 2 5只 ,捕鼠率为 11.0 7%。啮齿目动物 5 6 0只 ,分 1科 3属 10种 ,其中褐家鼠占 6 5 .71%;食虫目动物 6 5只 ,分 1科 1属 1种。蜱分 2属 2种 ,粒形硬蜱占 87.2 9%;蚤分 3属 3种 ,印鼠客蚤占 98.5 6 %;革螨分 2属 3种 ,毒厉螨占 91.94%;恙螨分 4属 6种 ,西沙无前恙螨占 2 7.12 %。鼠带蜱、蚤、革螨、恙螨率分别为 7.0 9%、9.2 9%、15 .37%、7.40 %,指数分别是 0 .17、0 .30、0 .80、1.2 8。结论 :居住区的优势鼠种是褐家鼠 ,农耕区的优势鼠种是褐家鼠、黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠 ,山区优势鼠种是褐家鼠、施氏屋顶鼠。粒形硬蜱、印鼠客蚤、毒厉螨、西沙无前恙螨分别是蜱类、蚤类、革螨、恙螨的优势种 ,蜱、蚤、革螨、恙螨主要寄主分别是施氏屋顶鼠、黄胸鼠、黄毛鼠、施氏屋顶鼠。

Objective: To investigate the population, constitution and distribution of rat and tick, flea, gamasid and jigger on its body surface in Shenzhen.Methods: 11 places were selected to capture mice at the populated areas, farming areas and mountain areas through chuster sampling; the captured mice was identified and then, the insects on their body surfaces were collected to calculate the insect (tick, flea, gamasid and jigger) carrying rate and index. Results: 625 mouse-like animals were captured and the capture rate was 11.07%, in which 560 were Order Rodentia animals and they belong to 1 family, 3 genera and 10 species, and 65.71% were Rattus norvegicus; 65 were Order Insectivorora animals and they belong to 1 family, 1 genus and 1 species. Ticks belong to 2 genera and 2 species and 87.29% were Ixodes granulatus; Fleas belong to 3 genera and 3 species, 98.56% of them were Xenopsylla cheopis; Gamasids belong to 2 genera and 3 species and 91.94% were Laelaps echidninus; Jiggers belong to 4 genera and 6 species and 27.12% were Walchia xishaensis;The insect carrying rates of the mice were 7.09% (tick), 9.29% (flea), 25.37% (gamasid) 7.40% (jigger) and the index were 0.17, 0.30, 0.80, 1.28 respectively. Conclusions: The dominant rat at populated areas is Rattus norvegicus; The dominant rat at farming areas is Rattus norvegicus, Rattus losea and Rattus flavipectus; The dominant rat at mountain areas is Rattus norvegicus and Rattus sladeni; Ixodes granulatus, Xenopsylla cheopis, Laelaps echidninus and Walchia xishaensis are the dominant strains of tick,flea, gamasid and jigger respectively; their major host are Rattus sladeni, Rattus flavipectus,Rattus losea and Rattus sladeni respectively.