细菌感染性眼病病原学分析(1989～1998)

Etiological analysis on bacterial ocular diseases(1989～1998)

目的回顾分析眼科培养细菌菌属的分布及其变化。方法对１０年间（１９８９～１９９８）培养的４ ７０５份标本进行细菌培养阳性率、革兰染色分布、阳性菌属分布及其变化进行分析。结果培养阳性菌共１ ３３９株，平均培养阳性率为２８．６％，革兰阳性球菌占５５．６％；革兰阳性杆菌占１３．１％；革兰阴性球菌占２．８％；革兰阴性杆菌占２８．５％，共分离鉴定出５０个细菌属种。培养阳性菌中，凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（主要为表皮葡萄球菌）的比例最高，为２５．３％，其次假单孢菌属为１８．８％，微球菌属为１１．７％，棒状杆菌属为１０．１％，金黄色葡萄球菌为８．２％。１０年中，革兰阳性球菌占总检出菌的比例随时间呈上升趋势，而革兰阴性杆菌的比例呈下降改变。结论革兰阳性球菌及革兰阴性杆菌仍为眼部感染的主要致病菌，但前者的比例有逐年增高的趋势，后者呈下降改变，及时了解眼部细菌菌属的分布与变化，对预防与治疗细菌感染性眼病有重要意义。

ObjectiveTo review the distribution and shifting trends of bacterial culture specimens in Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology.MethodsA retrospective analysis on the bacterial culture-positive rate,the distribution of Gram's stain and the distribution and change of isolates were performed in 4 705 specimens during a 10 years period(1989~1998).ResultsThe number of positive cultures was 1 339 from 4 705 specimens,the average positive rate was 28.6%.Gram-positive cocci constituting 55.6% of total isolates followed by Gram-positive bacilli,13.1%;Gram-negative cocci,2.8%and Gram-negative bacilli,28.5%.In the positive bacteria cultures,coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(mainly Staphylococcous epidermidis)was the most common,25.3%;the next common pathogens was Pseudomonas,18.8%;Micrococcus,11.7%;Corynbaccterium,10.1%;and Staphylococcus aureus,8.2%.During the 10 year period,the overall frequency of Gram-positive cocci appeared increasing trend with the time basically,while the frequency of Gram-negative bacilli decreased.ConclusionGram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli still are the predominant pathogens of ocular infection in China,the frequency of the former increased yearly,whereas the later decreased.It is very important to comprehend these distribution and shifting trends of pathogenic bacteria continuously for the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of bacterial ocular diseases.