金冠苹果果实生长发育的形态学与物候期

The Morphology and Phenological Phase during Fruit Growth and Development of Golden Delicious Apple

本文叙述了金冠苹果从心皮分化开始,果实发育全过程的细胞组织形态学及物候期。冬前9月下旬心皮开始分化。冬前11月至冬后3月上旬休眠。果肉组织增加细胞数日发生在心皮分化至授粉后约3周期间,以有丝分裂进行。果肉组织细胞在授粉后5天出现大量晶体及非晶体结构的蛋白质颗粒,果熟时只存在淀粉。果实外表皮层以垂周及平周分裂增加细胞数目,平周分裂只产生两层在个体发育上互相关的细胞。果实的内表皮层在冬后3月下旬形成,初由等径薄壁细胞组成。在授粉17天以后大部分细胞变成狭长形,呈一定角度排列。授粉后约35天细胞壁开始硬化。授粉后72天形成骨质组织。

In the present paper,we describe the morphology and phenological phase in the fruit cells and tissues of Golden Delicious Apple from its carpel differentation to its fruit maturing,in the Baoding District of Hebei province. The carpel forms protubrance at the last-day-period of September every year.The pollination proceeds on about April 18 every year. The parenchyma cells increase number by mitosis from the carpel beginning to form till the third week after pollination. The fruit increases in size,owing to the number and enlargement of the parenchyma cell and intercellular space. After pollination,in the parenchyma there are protein grains which have or not have crystal structure,and starch grains. Out epidermis cells increase number by anticlinal and periclinal division.The periclinal division occurs only one time.when fruit matures,the thickness of cuticular membrance is about 37.5μ(10x40)and it goes into the intercellular space. The inner epidermis(the entire stony layer near the ovary locule) forms full at the last ten day period of Match every year.At the last ten day period of June,it turns into stony layer which consists of elongated sclereid cells.They are arranged at some angle to the carpel cavity.