仁果类果树修剪的基本规律

The Basic Prunina Law of Pomaceous Trees

果树地上部生长与地下根系生长和肥水供应总是相关和平衡的。苹果、梨、山楂等仁果类果树幼旺树地下部供应超过地上部需要而生长强旺,超长枝(30cm)多,特别是“重剪多截”超长枝过多,树体制造的有机营养物质被其大量消耗,而果树难以积累和成花结果;而衰老树则相反,地下部供应满足不了地上部需要,生长衰弱,缺少生长基础而有机营养物质制造少,积累差,产量低;只有盛果期树,树体最大,枝量最多,地下、地上的供需平衡达到树势中庸健壮,超长枝适量。树体营养制造多、消耗少、积累多而果树产量最高。因此,修剪的基本原理就是利用地上、地下相关、平衡和修剪反应规律去促进幼旺树,保持成果期树恢复(衰老树)枝类平衡(即中庸健壮树势)因而对幼旺树实施“轻剪缓放”和对成年树实施“更新复壮”修剪。

The growth of the canopy in fruit trees is always correlated with root system growth and depends upon water and nutrient supply and the ba- lance is kept. In young and vigorous pomaceous trees(apple, pear or haw- thorn), because the supply from the underground part surpassed the needs of aerial part, the whole tree became vigorous, especially under heavy prun- ing and too much cut-back, which stimulate shoot growth and exhaust most of the organic nutrients prepared for flower bud differenciation, so that the tree became low yield. In the senescent trees, the situation was just the opposited. To sum up the basic principle about pruning of fruit tree is that the correlation and equilibrium rules of the aerial and underground parts could be used in promoting young trees, maintaining the full bearing trees and renovating the senescent trees in order to reach the balance of all kinds of branches. It should be borne in mind that the light pruning is good for young and vigorous trees and the rejuvenating pruning is good for old trees.