柞树在辽西地区的适生性及提高造林保存率的研究

Studies on the Adaptability of Oak Plantation and the Technique to Raise Their Prescrval Percentage in Western Part of Liaoning Province

蒙古柞、辽东柞适应比强,林分生长稳定,生物量大,生态效益明显,是辽西地区很有发展前途的用材林、水土保持林及薪炭林的重要两种.柞树虽然后期生长稳定,扰逆性强,但存幼龄期生长相当缓慢,表现脆弱,对辽西地区的高温、强光、干旱很难适应,这是柞树造林成活率不高的主要原因.因此,在辽西地区除采用一般干旱地区造林技术之外,还必须在栽植柞树之前营造油讼、刺槐及灌木,创造柞树幼龄期适宜生长的庇荫条件,才能促进柞树的正常生长.

Quercus mongolica and Q. liaotungensis are the main species composing forest vegetation in western part of Liaoning province. Owing to long term human damage, the preserved forest of the two species is small at present. These species have strong adaptability and large biomass, grow stably and bring a lot of ecological benefits. They are still potential species for commercial timber, soil and water conservation and fuel in western part of Liaoning provice. Although pepole have planted them for thirty years, their survival and preserval percentage is still low. At ptesent, the oak forests are most sprouting ones. With high resistance to adverse factors, oak grows stably at later stage, but grows very slowly and weakey at younger stage because it does not endne high tempesatnce, intense light and drought in western part of Liaoning province. These are principal reasons why the survival percehtage of oak plantaonion was low. Therefore, not only should the proper afforestation technique in arid areas be used but also the companion plants be planted, such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Robinia pseudo-acacia and certain shrubs, before afforestation of oak. These trees can provide suitable shade for young oak trees and promote their ordinary growth.