川西天然林生态服务功能的经济价值

Economic Estimation of Ecosystem Services of Natural Forests in Western Sichuan, China

生态服务价值既是实施生态系统保育和管理、建立合理生态补偿机制的基础 ,也是全球经济的重要组成部分。作者根据四川省 1995年森林资源统计资料和其它有关文献 ,按照Costanza的生态服务功能系统初步估算了四川西部天然林生态系统的 17类生态服务价值。川西天然林生态服务功能总价值为 46 84× 10 8USD/a,其中生态效益、经济效益和社会效益分别占 77 5 1% ,17 10 %和 5 39% ,这反映了天然林生态系统具有极显著的生态功能。在生态效益方面 ,气体调节、侵蚀控制和层积物保持、养分循环、废弃物处理价值等生态功能尤其明显。川西天然林生态服务价值占全国总价值的 0 5 2 % ,但气体调节和遗传资源对全国生态服务功能的贡献很高 ,分别为 2 2 5 %和 2 76 %。由于天然林生态系统具有许多不确定性以及方法上的不成熟 ,因而本文得到的川西天然林生态服务价值只是一个保守的。

Ecological service is the base for ecosystem preservation and management, and establishment of rational compensation mechanism for resources management and use. It is also one of the important part of global economy. In this paper, the authors estimated the economic value of ecosystem services in natural forests, western Sichuan Province according to the statistical data of forest resources of Sichuan in 1995. The total value of ecosystems service of western Sichuan natural forests forest is estimated to be 46.84×10 8 USD/a, in which the ecological, economic and social values account for 77.51%,17.10% and 5.39% respectively. This presents obvious ecological function of natural forests in the area. In the ecological benefits, climate regulation, erosion control and deposit conservation, nutrient cycling and residues treatment have higher values. The ecosystem service value of natural forest in western Sichuan accounts for 0.52% of that of the whole country in China. In which climate regulation and genetic resource have high contribution to the whole countrywide level, accounting for 2.25% and 2.76%. This is only a conservative and lower estimation of ecological service of forest ecosystem in western Sichuan due to uncertainty and inaccuracy of methodology.