北疆特早熟棉区棉花品种更替过程中棉铃发育特性的研究

Study on Characteristics of Cotton Boll Development among CottonVarieties from Different Ereas in Northern Xinjiang

对北疆特早熟棉区植棉 5 0年以来的 1 2个重要棉花品种棉铃发育特性的研究表明 ,随着棉花品种的更替 ,棉铃发育中各性状发生了如下变化 :1 )棉花结铃性、衣分有明显的提高 ,近期品种的衣分和单株结铃数分别比早期品种多 7%和 2个 ,而单铃重则有下降的趋势 ,由早期品种的 6 .0 g降到近期品种的 5 .5 g;2 )棉花纤维比强度随品种更替从 2 2 .5 c N· tex- 1降到 1 9.5 c N· tex- 1,绒长则提高了 3 mm左右 ,麦克隆值普遍偏大 ;3 )铃的干物质积累旺盛期、最大积累容量、生长特征值随品种更替逐渐增加 ;4)对棉铃有关的铃壳、子指等性状进行了讨论 。

Field experiments were carried out to study the characteristic of cotton boll development among main cotton varieties used popularly from 50'S to present. Results obtained showed that: 1) with the cotton varieties replacement, the number of bolls per plant and lint percentage increased obviously, in which the number of bolls per plant and lint percentage in modern varieties were 2 bolls and 7% higher than old varieties, respectively. There was a declined trend in boll weight, from 6.0g in old varieties to 5.5g in modern varieties. 2) with the varieties succession, fiber strength dropped from 22.5cN·tex 1 in old varieties to 19.5 cN·tex 1 in modern varieties, whereas fiber length increased about 3mm but the Micronaire all varieties tested were a little bit higher than standadized. 3) vigorous growth period , maximum dry matter accumulation and growth feature value were increased gradually with cotton varieties replacement; 4) the characteristic of seed index and hull were discussed and the existing problems in cotton breeding in future were also mentioned in this paper.