温度和食物对稻虱缨小蜂发育、存活和繁殖的影响

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND FOOD ON THE DEVELOPMENT, SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION OF ANAGRUS NILAPARVATAE PANG AND WANG (HYMENOPTERA: MYMARIDAE)

在白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera(Hovàrth))卵内,稻虱缨小蜂(Anagrus nilparvatae Pang et Wang)的发育起点温度为10.6℃,有效积温为162.3日度,随着温度上升,发育加快;寿命(y_1,D_(10.4)~0C)、产卵量(y_2,粒/♀)、产出卵率则在适宜温度范围(23—26℃)内最大,高低温区内均呈下降趋势,其方程分别为:y_1=exp(-0.04187+0.3612x-7.4654×10^(-3)x^2),y_2=exp(-1.9539+0.4563x-0.01001x^2),式中x为温度。温度对未产出卵量影响不显著;对子代雌性比的影响也不显著,其平均值为0.7631。温度主要通过对产卵量和产卵速率来影响繁殖力,理论上27.3℃时周限增长率λ最大,达1.2374倍/天。成虫期供蜜加水时的产卵量、产出卵率和寿命显著比仅供水时的高或长。此研究为预测害虫种群发展,充分利用天敌资源,达到综合管理害虫提供了科学依据。

The development rate, survival and age-specific fecundity of Anagrus nila-parvatae Pang and Wang, a mymarid egg parasitoid of the rice planthoppers, parasitized within eggs of white-backed planthopper(Sogatella furcifera Hor-vath), were measured under the conditions of various constant temperaurcs from 14℃ to 33℃ and different food. The developmental threshold and thermal constant of this mymarJd were estimated to be 10.6℃ and 162.3 day -degree, respectively. The development rate of the wasp increases as temperature is higher, while the total eggs laid per female(;y,), percentage of egg laid and longevity of adults in physiological time(y2 ,D10.4C) decline at higher temperature,which can be described by following equations,y1 =exp( - 0.04187 + 0.3612- 7.4654 ×10-3x2), y2 =exp(-1.9539+0.4563X- 0.01001x2), where x is the temperature in ℃. Temperature has neither significant effect on number of eggs unlaid per female, nor significant effect on sex-ratio of offspring. The mean sex-ratio is 0.7631. Temperature effects reproduction of A, nila-parvatae mainly through changing number of eggs laid and fertility rate. The optimum temperature for the population growth is 27.3℃ with a rnaxmium finite rate of increase of 1.2374. The reproductive rate and longevity as supplied water alone during adult hood are respectively lower and shorter than those as supplied water added to honey.