山楂叶螨、苹果全爪螨及其捕食性天敌生态位的研究Ⅰ——时间与空间生态位

STUDIES ON NICHES OF TETRANYCHUS VIENNENSIS, PANONYCHUS ULMI AND THEIR PREADATORY ENEMIES: (Ⅰ). SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL NICHES

统计分析表明两种叶螨间生态位重叠值较大、各自生态位宽度较大。两种叶螨的时动空间生态位与各自种群消长曲线相一致,显示了它们对资源有相似要求以及“逐步扩散整树危害”的取食危害方式。它们的生态位分离表现在叶片正、反面及叶片反面的某些小“领域”上。苹果全爪螨更喜欢分布在树冠上层和外层。统计和模糊分析都表明草蛉和小花螨与两种叶螨的时间同步和空间同域性较强,捕食螨与叶螨的时间生态位重叠较小,而空间生态位重叠较大。天敌与叶螨间的时空生态位重叠以及天敌食谱生态位宽度结合分析有助于合理评价天敌的控制作用。

The results from statistical analysis show that both the title leaf mites have their own wide niche breadthes and a wide niche overlap. The time-dynamic spatial niches of the two leaf mites are positively correlative with their own population densities.These show that two mites have similar utilization of resources and that the mites are characterized by 'gradual spread and then whole-tree damaged'. The niche separation of the two mites is on upper and lower faces of leaf and on some small 'area' of the lower faces of leaf. P. ulmi tends to stay in the top layer and outer layer of crown but T.viennenses has no spesfic preference in the crown.Fuzzy and statistical analysis show that Chrysopa sinica and Orins sauteri have close sympatry and synchrony with the two leaf mites,but the wide niche breadthes of food recipes weaken their functions of predatoriness. Predatory mite has narrower temporal niche overlap, but has wider spatial-niche overlap with the two mites,and its niche breadth of food recipes narrow,so it can be utilized to control the mites with the other natural enemies.