水稻品种对稻飞虱抗性鉴定方法的比较研究

Comparative Study on Evaluation Methods for Resistance to Rice Planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in Rice

采用苗期群体筛选、苗期单株鉴定、分蘖盛期单株鉴定、蜜露量测定和若虫发育历期测定 5种方法 ,分别测定了6个新近育成的、不同类型的水稻优质、高产新品种对褐飞虱和白背飞虱的抗性反应。多数品种在苗期接虫鉴定情况下的抗性表现都是一致或十分接近的 ,而且与品种的类型和抗感性无关。但少数品种随着苗龄的增大 ,其抗虫性有不同程度的提高。蜜露斑面积测定结果与分蘖盛期接虫鉴定结果基本吻合 ,初步将蜜露斑面积与抗性级别的关系拟定为 :蜜露斑面积[mm2 / (雌虫· d) ]0～ 10 0 .0≈ 0～ 3级 ,10 0 .1～ 2 0 0 .0≈ 5级 ,>2 0 0 .1≈ 7～ 9级。综合多项测定指标 ,认为分蘖盛期接虫鉴定较苗期鉴定更能准确地反映水稻品种成株期的抗性水平 ;苗期群体筛选和蜜露量测定是水稻抗飞虱的两个快速、便捷、准确的鉴定方法。

Six newly-developed rice varieties in different types (indica, japonica and hybrid rice) were evaluated to determine the level of resistance to the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and the whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera) by using the following methods: mass seedling (2-3 leaf stage) screening test, caged individual seedling (2-3 leaf stage) test, caged individual seedling (7-8 leaf stage) test, honeydew measurement and nymphal period. The results indicate that the majority of the tested rice varieties had same or similar reaction to N. lugens and S. furcifera at 2-3 and 7-8 leaf seedling stage regardless to rice type and varietal susceptibility. However, the resistant level in a few of rice varieties increased along with the increase of plant age. The reaction of these two planthoppers to test varieties in honeydew measurement and seedling screening tests were similar. The corresponding relation of honeydew area and resistance grade can be expressed as 0-100.0 mm 2/(female·d) ≈ grade 0-3, 100.1-200.0 mm 2/(female·d) ≈ grade 5, >200.1 mm 2/(female·d) ≈ grade 7-9. It can be summarized that resistance evaluation is made at tillering stage rather than at seedling stage, better reflecting the resistance level of rice varieties at late stage. Mass screening test and honeydew measurement are quick, easy and correct evaluation methods for resistance to rice planthoppers.