大鸨羽毛微观结构研究

Microstructure Research of Feathers of Great Bustard(Otis tarda)

用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜对大鸨 (Otistarda)不同部位羽毛进行了微观结构观察研究 ,结果表明 :具飞翔功能的飞羽和尾羽主要是由有钩羽小枝和无钩羽小枝构成 ;有钩羽小枝和无钩羽小枝相互扣搭形成坚实的羽面。有钩羽小枝的小钩数为 5、6、7、8不等 ,背腹纤毛数为 10、12对 ,腹齿为 4枚 ;无钩羽小枝的腹齿为 5、6枚。廓羽、覆羽主要由有钩羽小枝、无钩羽小枝和节状羽小枝构成 ,有钩羽小枝的小钩数为 6、7个 ,纤毛数为 12、13对 ;无钩羽小枝的腹齿为 4枚。不具飞翔功能的绒羽和头部饰羽主要是由节状羽小枝构成。研究还发现 ,有钩羽小枝和无钩羽小枝是由节状羽小枝演化而来。羽轴和羽枝轴的表面盖为多边形的角质花纹 ,髓质层由多孔的髓腔构成。

With scanning electron microscope and light microscope, the authors researched the microstructure of feathers of great bustard in different part of body. The results show that remiges and tail feathers which have functions of flying are composed of distal barbule and proximal barbule, the distal barbule of one barb cross over proximal barbule of the next barb, the hooklets of one grasping the dorsal flanges of the other, this arrangement creates a flexible and strong surface of vane. The number of hooklet in the distal barbule is 5, 6, 7 or 8, ventral and dorsal cilium is 10～12, ventral tooth is 4; The number of ventral tooth in the proximal barbule is 5 or 6. Contour feathers and cover feathers are made up of distal barbule, proximal barbule and nodular barbule, hooklet in the distal barbule is 6 or 7, cilium is 12～13, ventral tooth is 4. Down and modified feathers are made up of nodular barbule. The surface of shaft is polygonal pattern (called pumn), medulla is hollow cavity.