深圳市学业不良学生行为问题、家庭因素及父母养育方式对照研究

Controlled Study on Behavior Problems,Family Factors and Parental Rearing Styles in Students with Poor Academic Achievement

目的 :对中小学学业不良学生的行为问题、有关家庭因素及父母养育方式进行比较研究。方法 :采用整群分层抽样的方法 ,选取深圳市普通学校中学业不良的初中和小学生 488例为研究组 ,对照组为这些学校各班中学业优良的学生 5 99人。用“儿童行为量表 (CBCL)”评定两组学生的行为问题 ,父母养育方式的调查用“父母养育方式评价量表 (EMBU)”。结果 :学业不良学生中男生明显多于女生 ,行为问题检出率为 16 95 % ,显著高于对照组 (11 0 9% )。其中小学阶段的问题集中体现在多动、违纪等少数外向性行为方面 ,初中阶段更为广泛 ,既有外向性行为问题 ,也有内向性的强迫、焦虑、抑郁等情绪问题。逐步回归分析表明 ,学习成绩与父亲文化程度、父亲与孩子相处时间及母亲对生活的满意度呈正相关 ,与行为问题总分和母亲年龄呈负相关。在学业不良学生的父母养育方式上对孩子过于严厉、惩罚过多 ;而关心、理解和鼓励不够。结论 :学业不良学生的行为问题突出 ,且随着年龄的增长呈泛化倾向。他们的父母职能存在较多缺陷。

Objective:To study behavior problems,family factors an d parental rearing styles in students with poor academic achievement.Meth od:Through stratified cluster sampling,488 primary or middle school studen t s were identified as study group(below 5th percentile in their classes),while th e controls were 599 students whose academic achievement were above 95th percent ile in their classes.All subjects completed EMBU,CBCL(children behavior checkli st).Results:Higher boy/girl ratio was pound in study group(326/162) than in control(291/308,χ 2=36.4,p<0.01).17% students in study group had behavior problems identified by CBCL,which was significantly higher than the rat e in control(11%).In primary school students,the behavior problems mainly manif ested as externalizing behavior,such as hyperactivity,delinquency.In middle sch ool students,apart from externalizing problem,obsession,anxiety and depression a ppeared as common internalized problems.Stepwise regression showed that academi c achievement correlated positively with edueation level of father,father's shar ed time with child and life-satisfaction of mother, and negatively with the tota l score of CBCL and the age of mother.The results of EMBU demonstrated that stu dent with poor achievement got more punishment and less care or understanding.Conclusion:Students with poor academic achievement have more behavior problems,which become more extensi ve with increase of age.Parents of these children have more deficits in parenti ng.