浙江省贫困地区学龄前儿童膳食结构分析与趋势探讨

Food Patterns of Pre-school Children in Poverty-stricken Areas in Zhejiang Province

目的 浙江省贫困地区学龄前儿童的膳食结构及发展趋势 ,以对此类人群通过营养教育的方法进行有效的干预。方法 1 990年、 1 993年、 1 995年在浙江省贫困地区云和县、青田县 4 0个行政村对 2 4 9名 3～4岁儿童开展了 3次膳食调查。结果 通过包括营养教育等干预措施 ,5年间浙江省贫困地区的膳食结构虽然有了一定程度的改善 ,但仍存在许多不合理之处 :动物性食品仅占 6 1 %～ 1 0 9% ,尤其是乳类、鱼类摄入过少。豆类仅占 1 3%～ 4 0 % ,并逐年下降。蛋白质、热量摄入量仅为供给量标准的 5 0 %左右。维生素普遍缺乏 ,尤其是视黄醇当量、核黄素仅分别占供给量标准的 37 2 %、 36 1 %。钙摄入明显不足。食物属高谷物膳食类型 ,优质蛋白质过低 ,脂肪食物来源中动物性食物所占比例过高。结论 浙江省贫困地区学龄前儿童膳食结构不合理。需进一步通过营养教育 ,改善膳食结构。

Objective To investigate the food pattern of pre-school children in poverty-stricken areas in Zhejiang Province. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 249 children aged 3～4 years in 40 villages in Yunhe and Qingtian Counties. Results Animal food accounted for only 6.1%～10.9% of food intake,especially intake of fish and milk being inadequate. Legume intake accounted for only 1.3%～4.0%. Protein intake and calorie intake accounted for only 50% of the recommended standard. Deficiency of vitamins, especially vitamin A and vitamin B 2, was common. Calcium intake was obviously inadequate. The main food pattern was high in grain and low in high quality protein. Fat of animal origin accounted for a large proportion of fat intake. Conclusion The food pattern of preschool children in poverty-stricken areas in Zhejing Province is irrational.